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2019 iT 邦幫忙鐵人賽
DAY 15
2
Kubernetes

15 分鐘學習系列 - 第一次學 Kubernetes 就上手系列 第 15 篇

Day 15 - 淺談 Kubernetes Namespaces

2019鐵人賽 kubernetes k8s
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前面的筆記大致上介紹如何建立與部署應用程式, 後面的筆記將會比較零散的補充一些主題, 本篇筆記將補充介紹 Kubernetes 的一個基本概念 - Namespaces

Namespaces 主要的功能為提供多個虛擬(邏輯上)的叢集, 主要的應用情境如下:
1. 企業中區分不同的組織權責劃分
2. 提供不同目的的環境做邏輯上的區隔, 例如開發環境, 測試環境與生產環境
3. 可以提供多租用戶(Multi-Tenant)的客戶服務區隔
4. 可以用以應用程式分類

以下的 yaml 部署檔案中, 定義不同功能的應用程式 namespaces, 在大型專案下, 經常會以這種方式建立 namespaces. 不過建議有兩個原則: (1) 避免過大的 namespace, (2) 避免為建立 namespeace 而建立

建立 namespace 的格式如下:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: web

Sample yaml file: sample-infrastructure.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: web
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: auth
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: cart
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: social
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: catalog
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: quote
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: purchasing
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: infra
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: homepage-dev
  namespace: web
  labels:
    env: development
    dev-lead: karthik
    team: web
    application_type: ui
    release-version: "12.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: helloworld
    image: karthequian/helloworld:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: homepage-staging
  namespace: web
  labels:
    env: staging
    team: web
    dev-lead: karthik
    application_type: ui
    release-version: "12.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: helloworld
    image: karthequian/helloworld:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: homepage-prod
  namespace: web
  labels:
    env: production
    team: web
    dev-lead: karthik
    application_type: ui
    release-version: "12.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: helloworld
    image: karthequian/helloworld:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: login-dev
  namespace: auth
  labels:
    env: development
    team: auth
    dev-lead: jim
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: login
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: login-staging
  namespace: auth
  labels:
    env: staging
    team: auth
    dev-lead: jim
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: login
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: login-prod
  namespace: auth
  labels:
    env: production
    team: auth
    dev-lead: jim
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: login
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cart-dev
  namespace: cart
  labels:
    env: development
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: carisa
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cart
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cart-staging
  namespace: cart
  labels:
    env: staging
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: carisa
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cart
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cart-prod
  namespace: cart
  labels:
    env: production
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: carisa
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cart
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: social-dev
  namespace: social
  labels:
    env: development
    team: marketing
    dev-lead: carisa
    application_type: api
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: social
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: social-staging
  namespace: social
  labels:
    env: staging
    team: marketing
    dev-lead: marketing
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: social
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: social-prod
  namespace: social
  labels:
    env: production
    team: marketing
    dev-lead: marketing
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: social
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: catalog-dev
  namespace: catalog
  labels:
    env: development
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: daniel
    application_type: api
    release-version: "4.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: catalog
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: catalog-staging
  namespace: catalog
  labels:
    env: staging
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: daniel
    application_type: api
    release-version: "4.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: catalog
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: catalog-prod
  namespace: catalog
  labels:
    env: production
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: daniel
    application_type: api
    release-version: "4.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: catalog
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: quote-dev
  namespace: quote
  labels:
    env: development
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: amy
    application_type: api
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: quote
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: quote-staging
  namespace: quote
  labels:
    env: staging
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: amy
    application_type: api
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: quote
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: quote-prod
  namespace: quote
  labels:
    env: production
    team: ecommerce
    dev-lead: amy
    application_type: api
    release-version: "1.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: quote
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: ordering-dev
  namespace: purchasing
  labels:
    env: development
    team: purchasing
    dev-lead: chen
    application_type: backend
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: ordering
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: ordering-staging
  namespace: purchasing
  labels:
    env: staging
    team: purchasing
    dev-lead: chen
    application_type: backend
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: ordering
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: ordering-prod
  namespace: purchasing
  labels:
    env: production
    team: purchasing
    dev-lead: chen
    application_type: backend
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: ordering
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: logger
  namespace: infra
  labels:
    env: production
    team: infrastructure
    dev-lead: tracey
    application_type: backend
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: logger
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: monitor
  namespace: infra
  labels:
    env: production
    team: infrastructure
    dev-lead: tracey
    application_type: backend
    release-version: "2.0"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: monitor
    image: karthequian/ruby:latest
---
  • 使用命令 kubectl apply -f .\sample-infrastructure.yaml 將產生幾個不同的 namespace 如下:
PS C:\k8s\namespaces> kubectl apply -f .\sample-infrastructure.yaml 
namespace "web" created
namespace "auth" created
namespace "cart" created
namespace "social" created
namespace "catalog" created
namespace "quote" created
namespace "purchasing" created
namespace "infra" created
<略…>
  • 使用命令 kubectl get namespaces 可以列出目前的 namespaces
PS C:\k8s\namespaces> kubectl get namespaces
NAME          STATUS    AGE
auth          Active    3m
cart          Active    3m
catalog       Active    3m
default       Active    14d
docker        Active    14d
infra         Active    3m
kube-public   Active    14d
kube-system   Active    14d
purchasing    Active    3m
quote         Active    3m
social        Active    3m
web           Active    3m
  • 使用命令 kubectl get pods --all-namespaces 可以列出目前的所有 namespaces 下的 pods
PS C:\k8s\namespaces> kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                               READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
auth          login-dev                                          1/1       Running   0          4m
auth          login-prod                                         1/1       Running   0          4m
auth          login-staging                                      1/1       Running   0          4m
cart          cart-dev                                           1/1       Running   0          4m
cart          cart-prod                                          1/1       Running   0          4m
cart          cart-staging                                       1/1       Running   0          4m
catalog       catalog-dev                                        1/1       Running   0          4m
catalog       catalog-prod                                       1/1       Running   0          4m
catalog       catalog-staging                                    1/1       Running   0          4m
default       aspnetapp-deployment-74c677458b-bwck7              1/1       Running   7          14d
default       aspnetapp-deployment-74c677458b-sx7lk              1/1       Running   7          14d
default       aspnetapp-interactive-delopyment-dbdd784f9-7nn6l   1/1       Running   7          14d
default       aspnetapp-interactive-delopyment-dbdd784f9-rz585   1/1       Running   7          14d
default       aspnetapp-interactive-delopyment-dbdd784f9-wgql6   1/1       Running   7          14d
default       minecraft-deployment-6ccdd5bfd-8jpgz               1/1       Running   2          6h
default       my-release-minecraft-64b8664b79-fk7hr              1/1       Running   6          7h
default       torpid-cat-jenkins-6b8fb6d958-lphds                1/1       Running   1          6h
default       wishlist-chart-69796586bb-2st6r                    3/3       Running   3          9h
default       wishlist-chart-69796586bb-6ntlf                    3/3       Running   3          9h
default       wishlist-chart-69796586bb-8jlzr                    3/3       Running   3          9h
default       wishlist-deployment-6cb7f6c4c9-24q2k               3/3       Running   3          21h
default       wishlist-deployment-6cb7f6c4c9-qdhrs               3/3       Running   3          21h
default       wishlist-deployment-6cb7f6c4c9-vl5hs               3/3       Running   3          21h
docker        compose-7447646cf5-ntjnb                           1/1       Running   7          14d
docker        compose-api-6fbc44c575-m7sm7                       1/1       Running   11         14d
infra         logger                                             1/1       Running   0          4m
infra         monitor                                            1/1       Running   0          4m
kube-system   etcd-docker-for-desktop                            1/1       Running   14         14d
kube-system   kube-apiserver-docker-for-desktop                  1/1       Running   9          14d
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-docker-for-desktop         1/1       Running   12         14d
kube-system   kube-dns-86f4d74b45-dkjjr                          3/3       Running   25         14d
kube-system   kube-proxy-ld8zj                                   1/1       Running   8          14d
kube-system   kube-scheduler-docker-for-desktop                  1/1       Running   11         14d
kube-system   tiller-deploy-6fd8d857bc-c8zvj                     1/1       Running   1          9h
purchasing    ordering-dev                                       1/1       Running   0          4m
purchasing    ordering-prod                                      1/1       Running   0          4m
purchasing    ordering-staging                                   1/1       Running   0          4m
quote         quote-dev                                          1/1       Running   0          4m
quote         quote-prod                                         1/1       Running   0          4m
quote         quote-staging                                      1/1       Running   0          4m
social        social-dev                                         1/1       Running   0          4m
social        social-prod                                        1/1       Running   0          4m
social        social-staging                                     1/1       Running   0          4m
web           homepage-dev                                       1/1       Running   0          4m
web           homepage-prod                                      1/1       Running   0          4m
web           homepage-staging                                   1/1       Running   0          4m

以上是簡單的介紹 namespace, 下一篇筆記, 將介紹 Label 與 selector 觀念.

參考資料


上一篇
Day 14 - 使用 Kubernetes Dashboard
下一篇
Day 16 - Kubernetes Label 與 Selector
系列文
15 分鐘學習系列 - 第一次學 Kubernetes 就上手 共 30 篇
  1. 26
    Day 26 - 安裝使用分散式跟蹤系統 - Jaeger
  2. 27
    Day 27 - 安裝 Jenkins
  3. 28
    Day 28 - 整合 AKS 使用 Jenkins 建立 CI/CD pipeline
  4. 29
    Day 29 - 整合 AKS 使用 VSTS 建立 CI/CD pipeline
  5. 30
    Day 30 - 使用 SSH 連線至 AKS 叢集進行維護
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